Freeman v Higher Park Farm [2008] EWCA Civ 1185. [2008] All ER (D) 310 (Oct)
Under s 2(2) of the Animals Act 1971, strict liability for an animal belonging to a domesticated species will only arise if
(i) the damage is caused by a dangerous characteristic (dangerous because of the likelihood that type of damage will be caused or, if caused, its likely severity), and
(ii) that characteristic deviates from the normal characteristics of that domesticated species, or
(iii) that domesticated species is itself dangerous insofar as it normally has that characteristic at particular times or in particular circumstances, and the damage was caused at such a time or in such circumstances.
