Created to drive ‘improvement of systems and practices’ and modelled on aviation-style safety culture, HSSIB can enter premises, seize documents and compel interviews across NHS and private healthcare alike. Investigators need not record interviews, caution witnesses or use body-worn cameras. A ‘no comment’ response may itself trigger an offence under s 121, risking summary conviction and an unlimited fine.
With HSSIB set to move under the Care Quality Commission, the authors warn that self-regulation is inadequate. Without independent oversight or a proper complaints body, powers intended to protect patients risk undermining basic safeguards.



