OSA 2023 already imposes duties on an estimated 100,000 services, backed by Ofcom codes and a growing enforcement drive—33 investigations across five programmes in the past year. While targeted reform may be justified to ‘plug true gaps’, the authors argue that most tech-enabled harms can be tackled through existing offences, applied flexibly.
The real challenge is pace. A regime built for adaptability must not be destabilised by politically driven fixes that sacrifice flexibility for speed.



