In PJSC VTB Bank, amended licences did not ‘usurp’ the Insolvency Court; SAMLA provided adequate review. But the Court of Appeal suggested Windrush claims are ‘capable of being civil rights for Art 6 purposes’.
Other rulings stress deference in national security and caution against courts becoming ‘the primary actor’ via mandatory orders. Together, the cases clarify limits while nudging the scope of fair trial rights.



