The authors recount how the claimants alleged that the underlying contract was a ‘contract for fraud’, but Mr Justice Robin Knowles held that such accusations must go to the integrity of the arbitral process itself, not merely to the merits of the contract. Contrasting the case with Nigeria v P&ID, the court found no evidence of interference, deception or abuse within the arbitration.
Ahmed and Hamed emphasise that s 68 is reserved for exceptional injustice where procedural fairness has been compromised, not for correcting alleged substantive errors. The decision, they conclude, underscores London’s commitment to finality and party autonomy while guarding against misuse of fraud allegations as a tactical tool.




