While 10% thought ‘probable’ was enough to convict, 76% believed they must be ‘absolutely certain’. Even more concerning, 51% said ‘any doubt at all’ required acquittal.
The ‘domestic analogy’—comparing guilt to important life decisions—proved ‘confusing’ and risked diluting the standard. With only 5% correctly identifying both the level of probability and the nature of doubt, the authors conclude that ‘sure’ alone is ‘simply too vague’.




