The reform, McNeill argues, shifts corporate criminal law further towards deterrence and away from fairness or direct culpability. The test extends liability even where the company gains no benefit and lacks a 'reasonable procedures' defence.
McNeill traces the evolution from Tesco v Nattrass to today’s 'failure to prevent' model, showing how criminal fault has been replaced by assumptions of defective corporate culture. He warns that treating organisations as moral actors risks punishing compliant companies for rogue conduct.
While aimed at accountability, the new regime, he concludes, prioritises ease of prosecution over principled justice.




